In 1576, phillip sent the duke of alba with an army of 10,000 men to the netherlands to put down the revolt. In 1567, philip, who was a zealous prosecutor of protestants, sent alba into the netherlands at the head of an army of 10,000 men, with unlimited powers. Philip sent the duke of alva and a large military contingent to regain control alva s attempt to do so was heavy handed and in many ways. Select documents for the reformation and the revolt of the low countries, 15551609. Ijzeren hertog in the netherlands, was a spanish noble, general, and diplomat. In a series of marriages and conquests, a succession of dukes of burgundy expanded their original territory by adding to it a series of fiefdoms. The dutch revolt revolution alvas repression 1567 1573 philips repression of religious reform raised public feeling to boilingpoint.
With the arrival of alva, orange and other grandees fled the netherlands. The revolt of the spanish netherlands led to the collapse of spain as a major european power. The dutch revolt 1566 or 15681648 was the successful revolt of the northern, largely protestant seven provinces of the low countries against the rule of the roman catholic king philip ii of spain, who had inherited the region seventeen provinces from the defunct duchy of burgundy. The duke of alva, who was appointed governor of the netherlands during the early years of the dutch revolt, did much to provoke the protestant cause in the region, and his heavy handed methods of suppressing heresies did much to unite the country against spain. As the prince of orange he took military and political charge of the rebellion, yet it. Revolt of the netherlands1566 calvinists vandalized catholic churchesspanish duke of alva set up the council of trouble. It was superseded by the redwhiteblue statenvlag in the mid century. Although the duke led oppressive and brutal military operations in flanders, his cruelty was exaggerated in dutch and english folklore, forming a new and central component of the black legend. Instead he tur duke of alva to take over military and political comm. Council of troubles netherlands history britannica.
Alessandro farnese, the duke of parma 15451592, led the spanish suppression of the dutch revolt. The most famous portion of it, by far, was the early years when the prince of orange led a small band of determined rebels against the duke of alva, the ironfisted governor of the region. After solving most of its problems through war, the country was as bankrupt as it was bound by numerous pacts and alliances between the countries around it. History of the netherlands the dutch revolt, 15721609. In spite of these military successes, the dutch revolt was not broken and alba was recalled to spain. Illustration of the 2 main rivals in the dutch revolution, the spanish duke of alva and the founder of our nation, william of orange. Revolt of the netherlands heritage history products. Please practice handwashing and social distancing, and check out our resources for adapting to these times. The dutch revolt 15681648 was the revolt in the low countries against the rule of the habsburg king philip ii of spain, hereditary ruler of the provinces. Mirror of the cruel and horrible spanish tyranny perpetrated in the netherlands, by the tyrant, the duke of alba, and other commanders of king philip ii description this volume, published in the netherlands in 1620, contains french translations of two earlier works detailing spanish crimes and atrocities in both europe and the new world. See more ideas about dutch revolt, dutch and 16th century. This has been created to help with classwork and revision, and to provide you with all the information you need to know.
It led to the formation of the independent dutch state of the netherlands and marked the beginning of the eighty years war. Alva arrived in august 1567 and expected to find a country in a chaotic calvinist uprising. But for st bartholomew, we would have had the better of the duke of alba and we would have been able to dictate terms to him at our pleasure. Ten minute history the dutch revolt short documentary youtube. Biographies of prominent persons related to the dutch revolt, from ons verleden in dutch for biographies of the duke of alva, see netherlands 15001580, of alessandro farnese spanish netherlands biography of simon stevin, from mactutor history of mathematics. But, by the time alva reached the netherlands, the revolt had already been crushed. The area concerned was part of the habsburg empire and known as the. To what extent can philip ii be blamed for the dutch revolt. The netherlands was under rule of the emperor of spain, who was. The origins and development of the dutch revolt brings together in one volume the latest scholarship from leading experts in the field, to illuminate why the dutch revolted, the way events unfolded and how they gained. At first philip resolved to go himself to the netherlands, but towards the end of november, 1567, he suddenly informed margaret of parma that he would send the duke of alva to punish the guilty with unbending severity. By september 1566, under alva s influence, phillip was ready to support margaret with troops. In 1567, philip, who was a zealous prosecutor of protestants, sent alba into the netherlands at the head. The eighty years war, or dutch revolt, was the secession war in which the protonetherlands first became an independent country.
Elizabeth secretly supported the dutch rebels because she knew the dutch revolt would keep the spanish. I wish to acknowledge the great assistance andrew sawyer has given in respect of the prints. Aims to understand the key causes of the dutch revolt evaluate the amount of blame which can be attributed to philip ii 2. Kingdom of the netherlands dutch revolt naval flags dutch republic best flags flag coloring pages dutch language history online fotografia. In this work the author provides a brief study, compared to william maltbys work, on the duke of alba. Ap euro notes on the armada, dutch revoltrepublic, and. The most famous period of the dutch revolt was undoubtedly the early years, when the notorious duke of alva ruthlessly sought to root out rebellion in the. Charles v, an excellent judge of character, in a secret testament of 1543 had recommended alba to his son. Despite the strength and cruelty of the generals sent against them by philip, in particular the duke of alva 15671573 and the duke of parma 15781592, the dutch were able to establish an independent republic in the northern seven provinces in 1579.
Sep 05, 2019 the dutch revolt the eighty years war was the dutch war of independence against spain. The repressive policy of the spanish governor, the duke of alva, caused william of orange, baron of breda, to leave the country and, from his base in nassau, enter into a feud with the spanish administration. Causes of the revolt philip ii was a devout catholic and protestantism had been creeping. The revolt of the netherlands against spanish rule, also known as the eighty years war, is traditionally said to have begun in june 1568, when the spanish executed counts egmont and horne in brussels. Yet on 25 may 1568, the dutch army did manage to win its first victory.
It lasted from 1568 to 1648 during the war, the dutch republic became a world power for a short time mainly through its naval strength and experienced a period of unprecedented economical, scientific and cultural growth. Prinsenvlag is a dutch flag, first used in the dutch revolt during the late century. Alastair duke in order to extend the range of sources available for the revolt of the netherlands. The dutch revolt 1566 or 15681648 was the successful revolt of the northern, largely protestant seven provinces of the low countries against the rule of the roman catholic king philip ii of spain, hereditary ruler of the provinces. The people rebelled in 1566 and the duke of alva was sent into the country to put down the rebellion. Rivalry with spain challenges to elizabeths rule aqa. Aug 27, 2015 the dutch revolt was a revolt in the northern parts of the 15th and 16th century netherlands back then this included current belgium and luxembourg sparked by religious differences. Mirror of the cruel and horrible spanish tyranny perpetrated. Who led the dutch revolt resisting the duke of alba answers. The southern catholic provinces initially joined in the revolt, but later submitted to spain. Check out our resources for adapting to these times.
The dutch revolt protestants in the netherlands began a revolt against spanish rule in 1572. He arrived in brussels on the 22st of august 1567, and immediatly starts prosecuting these men for this scandal they call a revolt for freedom. The dutch revolt and the golden age of the netherlands. When the 17th century came about, spain had a glorious century behind and a lot of enemies ahead. The people elected william of orange as their leader, and the dutch revolt began. The dutch revolt or the revolt of the netherlands 15681609, was the partially successful revolt of the seventeen provinces in the low countries against the spanish empire. The dutch revolt against spanish rule in the sixteenth century was a formative event in european history. But alba only ruled for six years, and william was assassinated in 1584, yet the war continued for many years. William of orange, stadtholder of holland, zeeland and utrecht, played a key role in the dutch revolt at the onset of the eighty years war and the advent of the dutch republic. She resigned when the duke of alva killed 1500 people in one day during the dutch revolt. The dutch navy was also better than the spanish so any attempt at. Alva definition, spanish general who suppressed a protestant rebellion in the netherlands in 1567. The upcoming protestant religion lead to a clash and philips decided to move in the duke of alba to suppress the unrest. Dutch revolt spanish netherlands 16th century fashion 17th century renaissance.
These actions united both catholics and protestants against spain, leading to the dutch revolt, which broke out for the first time in 1506. Revolt the protestants calvinists, who were persecuted by the dutch inquisition united with the people resisting the raised tax, and peasants resisting the high tax on grain. Revolt, the duke of alva pursued a policy of beastline certain rebellious towns. Dutch revolt prince of orange people lie kingdom of the netherlands special person moorish low country print artist 16th century. The reason is that the duke of alba executed two noblemen for treason to the king of spain and many others followed in the months afterward. The duke of alva was appointed governor of the netherlands during the early years of the dutch revolt. The heretofore abortive and severely suppressed dutch revolt blossomed in 1572 with the april 1 capture of brielle by the protestant raiders nicknamed sea beggars dutch schoolchildren learn the occasion with the punny rhyme bril, glasses, is a nearhomophone for brielle op 1 april verloor alva zijn bril on april 1st, the duke of alva lost his glasses. In 15661567 the low countries saw a calvinist rebellion, which was quickly subdued. The prince of orange failed to make much of a mark militarily. Siege money of the dutch revolt pages 1 15 text version. Revolt, the duke of alva pursued a policy of beastliness towards certain rebellious towns. In october 1572 he allowed his troops to sack the city of mechelen, which surrendered unconditionally, in the expectation that such an example would encourage the other orangist towns in the south to make their peace with him. William the silent, from portraits of faithful saints, a calvinist publication. Gcse history elizabethan age, 15581603 revision and exam.
The duke of alva, who was appointed governor of the netherlands during the early years of. By 1618 the start of the thirty years war no catholic country saw spain as a useful ally. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. These brutal actions were harsh rule since 1565 crown alienated almost all the dutch population. Led by williams brother louis, the army defeated the troops of the prospanish stadholder of friesland at heiligerlee. The first leader was william of orange, followed by several of his descendants and relations.
Please wash your hands and practise social distancing. The dutch revolt 2 the duke of alva flashcards quizlet. On philips orders, the duke of alva marched 9,000 men from milan to the netherlands. The northern provinces netherlands eventually separated from the southern provinces presentday belgium and luxembourg, which continued under habsburg spain until 1714. The duke of alva, who was appointed governor of the netherlands during the early years of the dutch revolt, did much to provoke the protestant cause in the.
The religious clash of cultures built up gradually but inexorably into outbursts of violence against the perceived repression of. The documents offered here have been selected by dr. The dutch revolt, 15791609 zentrale fur unterrichtsmedien. Ten minute history the dutch revolt short documentary. The southern provinces initially joined in the revolt, but later submitted to spain the religious clash of cultures built up gradually but inexorably into. The origins and development of the dutch revolt download. The dutch revolt the eighty years war of the dutch. Known as the iron duke because of his ruthlessness, he almost succeeded in putting down the rising in the low countries against spain.
I was especially interested in kamens coverage of alba as a military commander under emperor charles v and later philip ii of spain. The implacable duke of alva alba bloodily suppressing the low countries revolt against spain claimed the head of flemish nobleman and poet jan van casembroot although catholic himself, the lord of backerzele english wikipedia entry dutch shared the umbrage of his countrymen at the spanish. This was to discourage the other towns from rebelling. As the prince of orange he took military and political charge of the rebellion, yet it was his ability to serve as a focus for unity in the chaos of war that proved his decisive contribution. During the spring and summer of 1567, the duke of alba traveled more than 2,800 kilometers 1,700 miles to reach brussels in the netherlands. The iron duke was to be the ideal instrument for the execution of this purpose.
The revolt of the spanish netherlands history learning site. Alva was appointed commander in charge of stopping the revolt. Three years later his father died fighting the muslims in north africa, and he was raised by his. Revolt of the netherlands the philadelphia print shop. His tenthousandman army accompanied him for the final 1,100 kilometers along what became known as the spanish road. The heretofore abortive and severely suppressed dutch revolt blossomed in 1572 with the april 1 capture of brielle by the protestant raiders nicknamed sea beggars. Known as the iron duke because of his ruthlessness, he almost succeeded in putting down the rising in the low countries against sp. The people elected william of orange as their leader, and the dutch revolt. In october 1572 he allowed hi sack the city of mechelen, which surrendered. Start studying the dutch revolt 2 the duke of alva. So king phillip the 2nd sends the duke of alva fernando alvarez also know by the dutch as the iron duke, to bring fear back into their hearts, so they never revolt again. Philips response upon receiving the alarming letters from margaret of parma was to send 10,000 troops and his best general, duke of alva, to the netherlands. The dutch revolt 1566 or 15681648 note 1 was the successful revolt of the protestant seventeen provinces of the defunct duchy of burgundy in the low countries against the ardent militant religious policies of roman catholicism pressed by philip ii of spain. Against alva s mighty army, the prince stood no chance in battle.
The revolt of the spanish netherlands led to the collapse of spain as a major. He was sent by philips ii to restore the order in the netherlands. Solid study, and recommended to students seeking to know more about albas role in the dutch revolt. The tensions that led to open revolt, however, had much earlier origins. Dutch schoolchildren learn the occasion with the punny rhyme bril, glasses, is a nearhomophone for brielle op 1 april verloor alva zijn bril. He doubled the size of spains holdings in the netherlands through his conquests and ensured spanish rule in the southern prov.
When calvinism spread over the low countries he introduced the inquisition and tried to root it out. Philip ii of spain duke of alva margaret of parma william of orange 7. Catholic earl of northumberland who was one of the northern earls who revolted. The dutch revolt 15681648 was the revolt in the low countries against the rule of the. The economic crisis whichenveloped the region in 1565 was a potent secondary cause, leading as itdid to unemployment, poverty and discontent. Jan 20, 2002 alva and the council of blood, 1568171. Duke of alva mechelen in 1572 allowed the massacre of the citys citizens despite their surrender.
Phillips ii sent duke alva known as iron alva to restore order. The dutch revolt was a revolt in the northern parts of the 15th and 16th century netherlands back then this included current belgium and luxembourg sparked by religious differences. Spanish duke stationed in the netherlands and involved in the spanish armada. In 1567 he was sent to the netherlands to restore order.
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